Generic SMTP

451 4.7.0 Temperror — a temporary DNS lookup failure during authentication

451 4.7.0 (Temperror)

Unlike a PermError (a structural problem with the record itself), a Temperror means the DNS lookup needed to evaluate SPF or DKIM failed transiently — a DNS server timeout, an unreachable nameserver, or a lookup that took too long. RFC 7208 requires SPF evaluation to treat this as a temporary failure, which most receivers respond to with a 4xx deferral rather than a hard rejection.

How to fix it

  1. 1

    Check your DNS provider's status

    A Temperror on your own domain's records usually means your DNS host had a transient issue. Check their status page.

  2. 2

    Check every include's DNS health

    If the error is in a third-party include (an ESP's SPF domain), the problem may be on their DNS, not yours — nothing to fix on your end, it should clear on retry.

  3. 3

    Reduce lookup complexity

    A record close to the 10-lookup limit is more exposed to any single slow lookup causing a timeout. Use the SPF checker to see your count, and the SPF flattener if you're near the limit.

  4. 4

    Just wait and retry if it's isolated

    A one-off Temperror on otherwise-healthy DNS is usually resolved by the automatic retry built into SMTP — no action needed if it doesn't recur.

Meaning current as of 2026-07-14, cross-checked against the provider's own documentation. Providers do occasionally redefine codes — if this doesn't match what you're seeing, the source link is the authoritative reference.

Common questions

Is this the same as a PermError?+

No — PermError means the record itself is malformed or over a hard limit (like too many lookups) and won't resolve no matter how many times you retry. Temperror means the lookup infrastructure had a transient problem; retrying can succeed.

Does this mean my SPF record is broken?+

Not necessarily. A healthy record can still produce a Temperror if a DNS server involved in the lookup chain has a bad moment. Persistent Temperrors on the same record are worth investigating; a single occurrence usually isn't.

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